A yad (
Hebrew: יד), literally, "hand," is a
Jewish ritual pointer, used to point to the text during the
Torah reading from the
parchment Torah scrolls. It is intended to prevent anyone from touching the parchment, which is considered sacred; additionally, the fragile parchment can be damaged by the oils of the skin. While not required when chanting from the Torah, it is used frequently.
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Tohorot (
Hebrew: טהורת literally "Purities") is the sixth order of the
Mishnah (also the
Tosefta and
Talmud). This order deals with the clean/unclean distinction and family purity. This is the longest of the orders in the Mishnah. There are 12 tractates:
Keilim: ("Vessels"); deals with a large array of various utensils and how they fare in terms of purity. 30 chapters, the longest in the Mishnah.
Oholot: ("Tents"); deals with the uncleanness from a corpse and its peculiar property of "overshadowing" objects in the same tent-like structure as it.
Nega'im: ("Plagues"); deals with the laws of the
tzaraath.Parah: ("Cow"); deals largely with the laws of the Red Heifer.Tohorot: ("Purities"); deals with miscellaneous laws of purity, especially the actual mechanics of contracting impurity and the laws of the impurity of food.
Mikva'ot: ("Ritual Baths"); deals with the laws of the
Mikvah.Niddah: ("Separation"); deals with the
Niddah, a woman during her
menstrual cycle.Makhshirin: ("Preliminary acts of preparation"), the liquids that make food susceptible to
tumah (ritual impurity)Zavim: ("Seminal Emissions"); deals with the laws of a person who has had a seminal (or similar) emission.Tevul Yom: ("Bathing (of the) day") deals with a special kind of impurity where the person immerses in a
Mikvah but is still unclean for the rest of the day.Yadayim: ("Hands"); deals with a Rabbinic impurity related to the handles.
Uktzim: ("Stalks"); deals with the impurity of the stalks of fruit.
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