Tanakh (also Tanach, or , Tenakh or Tenak) is an
acronym that identifies the
Hebrew Bible. The acronym is formed from the initial
Hebrew letters of the Tanakh's three traditional subdivisions:
Torah , meaning "teaching" or "law," includes the Five Books of Moses. The printed form of the Torah is called "the
Chumash" , meaning "five-part." The Torah is also known by its Greek name, "the
Pentateuch," which similarly means "five scrolls."
Nevi'im , meaning "Prophets." This division includes the books which, as a whole, cover the chronological era from the entrance of the Israelites into the
Land until the
Babylonian captivity of Judah (the "period of prophecy"). However, they exclude
Chronicles, which covers the same period. The Nevi'im are often divided into the Earlier Prophets, which are generally historical, and the Later Prophets, which contain more exhortational prophecies.
Ketuvim , meaning "Writings," are sometimes also known by the Greek title "Hagiographa." These encompass all the remaining books, and include the
Five Scrolls. They are sometimes also divided into such categories as the "wisdom books" of
Job,
Ecclesiastes, and
Proverbs, the "poetry books" of
Psalms,
Lamentations and
Song of Solomon, and the "historical books" of
Ezra-Nehemiah and
Chronicles.
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The Torah is the most important document in Judaism, revered as the inspired word of
God, traditionally said to have been revealed to
Moses. The word Torah means "
teaching," "
instruction," "
scribe", or "
law" in
Hebrew. It is also known as the Five Books of Moses, the Law of Moses (Torat Moshe ) or Sefer Torah (which refers to the
scroll cases in which the books were kept), in Greek called Pentateuch (Πεντετεύχως "five rolls or cases").
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