working dog

A working dog refers to a canine working animal, i.e. a dog that is not merely a pet but learns and performs tasks to assist and/or entertain its human companions, or a breed of such origin. Within this general description, however, there are several ways in which the phrase is used.To identify any dog that performs any task on a regular basis to assist people. In this context, a dog who helps a rancher manage cattle or who performs tricks for a trainer who receives pay for its acts is a working dog, as is a service dog or an assistance dog. This might be in comparison to a companion dog, whose purpose is primarily as a pet.To distinguish between show dogs that are bred primarily for their appearance in an attempt to match a breed club's detailed description of what such a breed should look like, and working dogs that are bred primarily for their ability to perform a task. For example, a Border Collie that is a champion show dog is not necessarily good at herding sheep; a Border Collie that is a champion at sheepdog trials might be laughed out of the show ring for its nonstandard appearance. It is possible that a specimen may excel in both appearance and performance, but it is very unlikely, because showing animals have to a large degree lost all working ability due to extremes in type being favoured in the show ring. These extremes make it very difficult for the dog to do its job. It has become fully accepted that many genetic problems existing in dog breeds today are a direct result of breeding for the show ring rather than for the function the dog was intended to do.
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Brukshund, arbetshund som används för viktiga ändamål såsom spårning (av skadat vilt, skogssvamp, mögel, narkotika, minor, bomber, gasläckor m.m.), apportering, rapportering, livräddning, fältsökning, vallning, vaktning, agility (tävling) och brandvarning. De vanligaste hundraserna som används till bruksarbete är Schäfer, Labrador retriever och Golden retriever men i stort sett kan vilken ras som helst användas som brukshund, förutsatt att intensiv träning sätts in redan i valpstadiet och att rasen (och individen) har de grundläggande egenskaper som krävs för ändamålet. I de flesta fall tränas en brukshund av sin hundförare som inte alltid behöver vara hundens ägare. Träningen kan också arrangeras av Svenska Brukshundklubben (en medlemsorganisation i Svenska Kennelklubben) som har ca 70 000 medlemmar eller i privat regi. För att tävla med sin brukshund i någon av bruksgrenarna krävs dock medlemskap i Svenska Brukshundklubben. En ovanligare form av brukshund återfinns i underhållningsbranschen som film- och reklamhundar samt cirkushundar.
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working dog
n : any of several breeds of usually large powerful dogs bred to work as draft animals and guard and guide dogs

工作犬是指從事各項工作以協助其人類夥伴的狗。一般的工作犬是这样定义的，但以下數種情況亦使用這個名詞：與展覽犬以外表特徵等育犬協會對犬種的描述做為育種依據的犬類做區分，指重視犬種原本發展的功能性所培育的犬隻，如邊境牧羊犬的犬展冠軍並不一定符合牧羊的需要，同理一隻牧羊犬大賽冠軍的邊境牧羊犬可能會因其不標準的外表淪為犬展被嘲笑的對象。有些犬種有分開的登記以追蹤展覽用犬和工作犬的系譜，如在澳大利亞澳洲凱皮犬(Australian Kelpie)有分別的登記，登記為工作犬的個體重視的是牠們放牧的本能不論牠們的外表或毛色，而展覽犬的祖先必須是有登記的展覽犬並且具有固定的毛色。所有犬種符合原先培育目的執行特定的工作但不是特定的工作項目如畜牧或狩獵，如美國育犬協會的工作犬是指原本的培育目的是除了畜牧或狩獵以外工作的犬種，這類工作包括拉車、守衛等。
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Noun
1. any of several breeds of usually large powerful dogs bred to work as draft animals and guard and guide dogs
(hypernym) dog, domestic dog, Canis familiaris
(hyponym) watchdog, guard dog