Competitive eating, or speed eating, is a sport in which participants compete against each other to consume large quantities of food in a short time period. Contests are typically less than 15 minutes in length, with the person consuming the most food being declared the winner. Competitive eating is most popular in the United States and Japan, where organized professional eating contests often offer $10,000 or more in prize money. Competitive eaters are sometimes known as "gurgitators," a word used by those close to the sport and an assumed opposite of regurgitation.

L'Alimentation sportive est un jeu originaire du Japon dont la but est de consommer la plus grande quantité d'un type de nourriture donné, couramment du fast food, dans un temps limité. Ce sport est gouverné par l'International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE).

早食い（はやぐい）とは、食料や料理を兎も角早く食べる行為であるが、往々にして食べ方が見苦しくなりがちであるため、マナーに反する食べ方だといわれている。しかしその一方で、競技として確立しているなど、賛否両論がある。類型としては大食いがあるが、これも本記事で述べる。