with respect to

concerning, with regards to, regarding

In mathematics, an independent variable is any of the arguments, i.e. "inputs", to a function. These are contrasted with the dependent variable, which is the value, i.e. the "output", of the function. Thus if we have a function f(x), then x is an independent variable, and f(x) is a dependent variable. The dependent variable depends on the independent variables; hence the names.
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idm. เนื่องจาก, ตามที่, เกี่ยวกับ