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volcanic ash
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Volcanic ash
Volcanic ash consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions, less than 2 mm (0.079 in) in diameter. The term volcanic ash is also often loosely used to refer to all explosive eruption products (correctly referred to as tephra), including particles larger than 2mm. Volcanic ash is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when dissolved gases in magma expand and escape violently into the atmosphere. The force of the escaping gas shatters the magma and propels it into the atmosphere where it solidifies into fragments of volcanic rock and glass. Ash is also produced when magma comes into contact with water during phreatomagmatic eruptions, causing the water to explosively flash to steam leading to shattering of magma. Once in the air, ash is transported by wind up to thousands of kilometers away.
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Vulkanische Asche
Der Begriff Vulkanische Asche bezeichnet in der Vulkanologie sehr kleine Pyroklasten beliebiger Form. Sie können in grobe Aschenkörner (2 mm bis 1/16 mm) und feine Aschenkörner oder Aschenstaub (<1/16 mm) unterteilt werden. Aschen bilden in der Regel einen Großteil der pyroklastischen Sedimente (oder Tephra, wenn unverfestigt) bzw. der pyroklastischen Gesteine (wenn verfestigt).
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Cendre volcanique
Le terme cendre volcanique désigne les fines particules de roches et de minéraux inférieures à 2 mm de diamètre, qui sont éjectées d'un volcan. Ces particules sont si fines qu'elles peuvent voyager sur des centaines de kilomètres et retomber sur le sol sous forme de pluie de cendres.
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Popiól wulkaniczny
Popiół wulkaniczny - stały produkt wybuchu wulkanu, utworzony z rozpylonej lawy i skał wyrwanych z podłoża. Podczas erupcji wyrzucany jest do atmosfery na bardzo dużą wysokość, do kilkudziesięciu km i przemieszcza się na duże odległości, nawet do kilkuset kilometrów. Opadając na powierzchnię terenu tworzy pokrywę która może zasypać obiekty wielkości domów.
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Cenere vulcanica
Le Ceneri vulcaniche sono minuscole particelle di rocce e minerali aventi un diametro inferiore ai 2 mm, espulse da coni vulcanici durante le eruzioni.
La cenere si forma durante la fase esplosiva di un'eruzione. In quel momento le rocce si frantumano ed il magma si separa in minuscole particelle. Come conseguenza del flusso magmatico, durante la fase violenta si generano anche dei vapori (eruzione freatica), mentre parte della roccia solida che circonda il cono eruttivo, a causa del grande calore, viene trasformata in particelle di argilla nelle dimensioni di granelli di sabbia.
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