A vallum was a type of
palisade, used as part of the
Roman defensive
fortification system. It was usually made out of
earth, sometimes enforced with
wood and
stone, and also had a deep
moat (fossa).It is derived from vallus (a stake), and properly means the palisade which ran along the outer edge of the top of the
agger, but it very frequently includes the agger also. The vallum, in the latter sense, together with the fossa or ditch which surrounded the camp outside of the vallum, formed a complete fortification.
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