Vaccinia
Vaccinia virus (VACV or VV) is a large, complex,
enveloped virus belonging to the
poxvirus family. It has a linear, double-stranded
DNA genome approximately 190
kbp in length, and which encodes for approximately 250
genes. The dimensions of the
virion are roughly 360 × 270 × 250
nm. Vaccinia virus is well-known for its role as a
vaccine that eradicated the
smallpox disease, making it the first human disease to be successfully eradicated by mankind. This endeavour was carried out by the
World Health Organization under the Smallpox Eradication Program. Post eradication of smallpox, scientists study Vaccinia virus to use as a tool for delivering genes into biological tissues (
gene therapy and
genetic engineering). Moreover, due to recent concerns about smallpox resurfacing as a possible agent for
bioterrorism, scientists have renewed their interests in studying Vaccinia virus.
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Vaccination
La vaccination est un procédé consistant à introduire un agent extérieur (le vaccin) dans un organisme vivant afin de créer une réaction immunitaire positive contre une
maladie infectieuse. Le principe actif d’un vaccin est un
antigène destiné à stimuler les défenses naturelles de l'organisme (le
système immunitaire). La réaction immunitaire primaire permet en parallèle une mise en mémoire de l'antigène présenté pour qu' à l'avenir, lors d'une contamination vraie, l'immunité acquise puisse s'activer de façon plus rapide. Il existe quatre types de vaccins selon leur préparation : agents infectieux inactivés, agents vivants atténués, sous-unités d’agents infectieux ou toxines inactivées.
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Vaccine
Vacina
As vacinas (cujo nome advém de vaccinia, o agente infeccioso da varíola bovina, que, quando é injectado no organismo humano, proporciona imunidade à
varíola no ser humano) são substâncias tóxicas, que ao serem introduzidas no organismo de um
animal, suscitam uma reação do
sistema imunológico semelhante à que ocorreria no caso de uma
infecção por um determinado agente patogênico, por tornar o organismo imune a esse agente (e às
doenças por ele provocadas).
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vaccinia
ابله گاوى
VACCINIA
VAIOLO VACCINO. VAIOLO DEI BOVINI
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