temperature

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Temperature
Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature. Temperature is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. The temperature of a system is defined as simply the average energy of microscopic motions of a single particle in the system per degree of freedom. For a solid, these microscopic motions are principally the vibrations of the constituent atoms about their sites in the solid. For an ideal monatomic gas, the microscopic motions are the translational motions of the constituent gas particles. For multiatomic gas vibrational and rotational motion should be included too.
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Température
La température est une grandeur physique mesurée à l'aide d'un thermomètre et étudiée en thermométrie. Dans la vie courante, elle est reliée aux sensations de froid et de chaud, provenant du transfert de chaleur entre le corps humain et son environnement. En physique, elle se définit de plusieurs manières : comme fonction croissante du degré d'agitation thermique des particules (en théorie cinétique des gaz), par l'équilibre des transferts thermiques entre plusieurs systèmes ou à partir de l'entropie (en thermodynamique et en physique statistique). La température est une variable importante dans d'autres disciplines : météorologie et climatologiemédecine, en chimie.
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Temperatur
Die Temperatur (formeller: Absolute Temperatur) ist eine physikalische und thermodynamische Zustandsgröße. Hohe Temperaturen bezeichnet man als heiß, niedrige als kalt.Die Wärmeempfindung des Menschen beruht nicht auf der Temperatur, sondern auf dem Wärmestrom. Dazu passt, dass die Wärmeempfindung oft als gefühlte Temperatur bezeichnet wird und so als Wärme beziehungsweise Kälte empfunden wird. Die gefühlte Temperatur unterscheidet sich teilweise erheblich von der tatsächlichen Temperatur.
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Temperatura
Temperatura - jedna z podstawowych w termodynamice wielkości fizycznych (parametrów stanu) , będąca miarą stopnia nagrzania ciał. Temperaturę można ściśle zdefiniować tylko dla stanów równowagi termodynamicznej, z termodynamicznego bowiem punktu widzenia jest ona wielkością reprezentującą wspólną własność dwóch układów pozostających w równowadze ze sobą. Temperatura jest związana ze średnią energią kinetyczną ruchu i drgań wszystkich cząsteczek tworzących dany układ i jest miarą tej energii.
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Temperatura
In fisica, la temperatura è la proprietà che caratterizza lo stato termico di due sistemi in relazione alla direzione del flusso di calore che si instaurerebbe fra di essi.Storicamente il concetto di temperatura nasce come tentativo di quantificare le nozioni comuni di "caldo" e "freddo". In seguito la comprensione via via maggiore dei fenomeni termici estende il concetto di temperatura e mette in luce il fatto che le percezioni termiche al tatto sono il risultato di una complessa serie di fattori (calore specificoconducibilità termica...) che include anche la temperatura. Infatti la corrispondenza tra le impressioni sensoriali e la temperatura misurata è solo approssimativa e anche se normalmente il materiale a temperatura più alta appare più caldo al tatto, ci sono numerose eccezioni. Un pezzo d'argento, ad esempio, sembra molto più freddo di un pezzo di plastica alla stessa temperatura o anche a temperatura inferiore, a causa delle differenze tra il calore specifico e la conducibilità termica dei due materiali.
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