surcoat

n. cloth garment worn over medieval armor; loose coat worn over clothing

A surcoat was an outer garment commonly worn in the Middle Ages by both men and women. It can either refer to a coat worn over other garments or the outer garment of a person. The name derives from French meaning "over the cotta", a long, wide coat reaching down to the feet without sleeves.From about the 12th century, knights wore long and flowing surcoats over their armor, which were frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer. They usually extended to about mid-calf, had slits in the bottom front and back, and were sleeved or sleeveless. Historians believe that surcoats were worn to protect mail from direct sun, which heated the mail, making the soldier even more uncomfortable than he was before. The surcoat also serves in areas of poor weather to keep the rain and muck of battle away from the easily corroded maille-links. The surcoat displayed the "arms" of a knight (origin of "coat of arms") which identified him, which, with the rise of the Great helm in the late 12th Century/Early 13th Century, became more and more crucial. Some historians even cite this as a reason behind the spread of heraldry across Europe. During the 14th century, knights also began to add plates of armor to the surcoat, the armored surcoat later became the medieval coat of plates.
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Noun
1. a loose outer coat usually of rich material
(hypernym) coat
2. a tunic worn over a knight's armor
(hypernym) tunic

(n.)
A name given to the outer garment of either sex at different epochs of the Middle Ages.
  

(n.)
A coat worn over the other garments; especially, the long and flowing garment of knights, worn over the armor, and frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer.
  

A cloth covering usually worn over the body armour. During the 14th century they were gradually shortened from their 13th century lines. They started during the first quarter of the century ending at the knee, and ended the century ending at the edge of the hip. During the 15th century they were shortened further, and eventually abandoned in favor of a large tunic worn over the cuirass . The addition of white armour made the use of a surcoat less important, as full harnesses were generally somewhat individual. Most surcoats were emblazoned with the cote of arms or device or the wearer in order that they identity be known in the crush of battle.