A subnet mask is a method of hiding or "masking" the
network address portion of an
IP address. It does so by assigning a value of 1 to every digit in the network address portion of the binary IP address. These masked digits are not permitted to change when assigning IP addresses to local hosts, or machines on the local network.
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In
computer networks which use the
Internet Protocol, a subnetwork or subnet is a range of
logical addresses within the
address space that is assigned to an organization. Subnetting is a hierarchical partitioning of the network address space of an organization (and of the network nodes of an
autonomous system) into several subnets.
Routers constitute borders between subnets. Communication to and from a subnet is mediated by one specific port of one specific router, at least momentarily. A typical subnet is a physical network served by one router, for instance an Ethernet network (consisting of one or several Ethernet segments or
local area networks, interconnected by
network switches and
network bridges) or a
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN). However, subnetting allows the network to be logically divided regardless of the physical layout of a network, since it is possible to divide a physical network into several subnets by configuring different host computers to use different routers.
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