stock exchange

A stock exchange, share market or bourse is a corporation or mutual organization which provides facilities for stock brokers and traders, to trade company stocks and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for the issue and redemption of securities as well as other financial instruments and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. The securities traded on a stock exchange include: shares issued by companies, unit trusts and other pooled investment products and bonds. To be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it has to be listed there. Usually there is a central location at least for recordkeeping, but trade is less and less linked to such a physical place, as modern markets are electronic networks, which gives them advantages of speed and cost of transactions. Trade on an exchange is by members only. The initial offering of stocks and bonds to investors is by definition done in the primary market and subsequent trading is done in the secondary market. A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market. Supply and demand in stock markets is driven by various factors which, as in all free markets, affect the price of stocks (see stock valuation).
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Une bourse, au sens économique et financier, est une institution, privée ou publique, qui permet de réaliser des échanges de biens ou d'actifs standardisés et ainsi d'en fixer le prix. On distingue :les bourses de commerce, où sont échangées des marchandises ;les bourses de valeurs, où transigent des titres d'entreprises. Employé seul dans un contexte financier, le terme bourse réfère le plus souvent à une bourse de valeurs.
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Stock Exchange ist die englische Bezeichnung für Aktienbörse, aber auch Bestandteil von Eigennamen solcher Einrichtungen:American Stock Exchange in New York, USABombay Stock Exchange in Mumbai, IndienDar es Salaam Stock Exchange in Dar-es-Salaam, TansaniaGhana Stock Exchange in Accra, GhanaHong Kong Stock Exchange in HongkongIceland Stock Exchange in Reykjavík, IslandIrish Stock Exchange in Dublin, IrlandLondon Stock Exchange in London, GroßbritannienNamibian Stock Exchange in Windhoek, NamibiaNew York Stock Exchange in New York, USAShanghai Stock Exchange in Shanghai, ChinaStock Exchange of Thailand in Bangkok, ThailandUgandan Stock Exchange in Kampala, Uganda
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Eine Börse ist ein organisierter Markt für Aktien, Anleihen, Devisen oder bestimmte Waren (Wertpapierhandel: englisch Brokerage). Ebenso werden hiervon abgeleitete Rechte gehandelt. An der Börse setzen Makler während definierter Handelszeiten Kurse (Preise) fest, die sich aus den bei ihnen vorliegenden Kauf- und Verkaufsaufträgen (Orders) ergeben. Durch Angebot und Nachfrage kommt es so zu einem Handel.
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Giełda – to organizowane w ustalonym miejscu i czasie spotkania handlowe, na których są sprzedawane ściśle określone towary po cenach ogłoszonych w codziennych notowaniach. Transakcje na giełdach zawierane są zgodnie z obowiązującym regulaminem, między członkami giełdy pośredniczącymi w zawieraniu transakcji.
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La Borsa valori è un mercato altamente regolamentato, dove vengono scambiati valori mobiliari e valute estere. Si tratta di un mercato secondario, perché vengono trattati strumenti finanziari che sono già stati emessi e che sono quindi già in circolazione; è inoltre un mercato ufficiale (o regolamentato) poiché sono disciplinate in modo specifico tutte le operazioni di negoziazione, le loro modalità, e gli operatori e tipologie contrattuali ammesse.
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