Steel
Steel is an
alloy consisting mostly of
iron, with a
carbon content between 0.02% and 1.7 or 2.04% by weight (C:1000–10,8.67Fe), depending on grade. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used such as
manganese and tungsten. Carbon and other elements act as a hardening agent, preventing
dislocations in the iron atom
crystal lattice from sliding past one another. Varying the amount of alloying elements and form of their presence in the steel (solute elements, precipitated phase) controls qualities such as the
hardness,
ductility, and
tensile strength of the resulting steel. Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder and stronger than iron, but is also more
brittle. The maximum solubility of carbon in iron (in austenite region) is 2.14 y weight, occurring at 1149
°C; higher concentrations of carbon or lower temperatures will produce
cementite. Alloys with higher carbon content than this are known as
cast iron because of their lower melting point. Steel is also to be distinguished from
wrought iron containing only a very small amount of other elements, but containing 1–3% by weight of slag in the form of particles elongated in one direction, giving the iron a characteristic grain. It is more rust-resistant than steel and welds more easily. It is common today to talk about 'the iron and steel industry' as if it were a single entity, but historically they were separate products.
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Acier
Steel
Simon van der Stel
Stahl
Steel
Steel to jednorazowy
powermetalowy projekt ze
Szwecji z
Danem Swanö oraz członkami zepołu
Opeth, który swoje początki zawdzięcza sesji nagraniowej do albumu Opeth
Morningrise. Podczas próby dźwiękowej pojawił się pomysł nagrania dla zabawy krótkiego kawałka zatytułowanego Guitars and Metal. W ten sposób powstał Steel. Wkrótce muzycy otrzymali propozycję nagrania paru innych utworów, początkowo przeznaczonych na demo. Utwory te zostały ostatecznie wydane przez Near Dark Productions na 7 calowym winylu jako limitowana EPka, zatytułowana Heavy Metal Machine. Stanowi ona do dziś cały dorobek artystyczny zespołu.
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Stal
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Steel
Acciaio
Acciaio è il nome dato ad una lega di
ferro contenente
carbonio in percentuale non superiore al 2,11%. Oltre tale limite le proprietà del materiale cambiano e la lega assume la denominazione di
ghisa. Oltre al carbonio possono essere presenti degli ulteriori elementi alliganti. Si parla allora di "acciai legati". Il carbonio si presenta usualmente sotto forma di
cementite o carburo di ferro. Le particelle di cementite presenti nella microstruttura dell'acciaio, in determinate condizioni, bloccano gli scorrimenti delle
dislocazioni, conferendo all'acciaio caratteristiche meccaniche migliori di quelle del ferro puro. Gli acciai sono leghe sempre plastiche a caldo, cioè
fucinabili, a differenza delle
ghise.
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