steampunk

Steampunk is a subgenre of fantasy and speculative fiction which came into prominence in the 1980s and early 1990s. The term denotes works set in an era or world where steam power is still widely used—usually the 19th century, and often set in Victorian era England—but with prominent elements of either science fiction or fantasy, such as fictional technological inventions like those found in the works of H. G. Wells, or real technological developments like the computer occurring at an earlier date. Other examples of steampunk contain alternate history–style presentations of "the path not taken" of such technology as dirigibles or analog computers; these frequently are presented in an idealized light, or a presumption of functionality. It is often associated with cyberpunk and shares a similar fanbase and theme of rebellion, but developed as a separate movement (though both have considerable influence on each other). Apart from time period and level of technological development, the main difference between cyberpunk and steampunk is that steampunk settings usually tend to be less obviously dystopian than cyberpunk, or lack dystopian elements entirely.
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Le steampunk est un sous-genre de la science-fiction, dont l'intitulé a été forgé par allusion au cyberpunk.
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Steampunk ist eine hauptsächlich literarische Gattung, in der eine oftmals dystopische, zumeist im  viktorianischen Zeitalter angesiedelte, kontrafaktische oder virtuelle Geschichte beschrieben wird. Der Ursprung des Steampunk liegt in den Romanen von Jules Verne (z. B. 20.000 Meilen unter dem Meer; 1870) und H. G. Wells (z. B. Die Zeitmaschine; 1904). Steampunk wird als eine Variante der Science-Fiction bezeichnet und zählt allgemein zur Kategorie der Alternativweltgeschichten. Neuere Steampunk-Werke werden auch als Antithese zum Cyberpunk betrachtet.
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Steampunk, odmiana literatury science fiction, która wyewoluowała z cyberpunku. Akcja utworów steampunkowych przeważnie dzieje się w epoce wiktoriańskiej - erze rewolucji technicznej, wieku pary (stąd nazwa gatunku, steam ang. - para), w której historia potoczyła się inaczej niż w naszych dziejach. Dzięki temu steampunk zalicza się także do nurtu tzw. historii alternatywnej.
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Lo steampunk è un filone di narrativa fantastica, ambientato solitamente nel XIX secolo e in particolare nella Londra vittoriana tanto cara a Conan Doyle e H. G. Wells, visto come un mondo anacronistico, a volte un'ucronia (storia alternativa), in cui armi e strumentazioni vengono azionate dalla forza motrice del vapore (steam in inglese) anziché dall'energia elettrica; dove i computer sono completamente analogici, o enormi apparati magnetici sono in grado di modificare l'orbita lunare. Un modo per descrivere l'atmosfera steampunk risiede nello slogan "come sarebbe stato il passato se il futuro fosse accaduto prima" (What the past would look like if the future had happened sooner). Lo steampunk è considerato un sottogenere della fantascienza, ma a volte anche del Fantasy o dell'Horror (per i quali è usata la denominazione complessiva di speculative fiction nella letteratura contemporanea anglosassone, o altre).
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