Stable isotopes are chemical
isotopes that are not
radioactive (to current knowledge). Stable isotopes of the same
element have the same chemical characteristics and therefore behave almost identically. The mass differences, due to a difference in the number of
neutrons, result in partial separation of the light from heavy isotopes during chemical reactions (
isotope fractionation). For example, the difference in mass between the two stable isotopes of hydrogen, 1H (1 proton, no neutron, also known as
protium) and 2H (1 proton, 1 neutron, also known as
deuterium) is almost 100%. Therefore, a significant fractionation will occur.
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