Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the
spleen, which usually lies in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the
human abdomen. It is one of the four cardinal signs of
hypersplenism,the other three being cytopenia(s),normal or hyperplastic bone marrow , and a response to splenectomy . Splenomegaly is usually associated with increased workload (such as in
hemolytic anemias), which suggests that it is a response to hyperfunction. It is therefore not surprising that splenomegaly is associated with any
disease process that involves abnormal
red blood cells being destroyed in the spleen. Other common causes include congestion due to
portal hypertension and infiltration by
leukemias and
lymphomas.
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