specialization

n. act of specializing; uniqueness, specific action; making something appropriate for a specific purpose; (Biology) structural adaptation of certain part of the body for a specific function; (Computers) reduction for the purpose of increasing efficiency (also specialisation)

Specialized redirects here. For the bicycle company, see Specialized Bicycle Components. For other uses, see Specialization (disambiguation). Specialization, also spelled Specialisation, is an important way to generate propositional knowledge, by applying general knowledge, such as the theory of gravity, to specific instances, such as "when I release this apple, it will fall to the floor". Specialization is the opposite of generalization.
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Noun
1. the act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose
(synonym) specialisation
(hypernym) change of state
(derivation) specialize, specialise
2. the special line of work you have adopted as your career; "his specialization is gastroenterology"
(synonym) specialisation, specialty, speciality, specialism
(hypernym) career, calling, vocation
(derivation) specialize, specialise
3. (biology) the structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function; "cell differentiation in the developing embryo"
(synonym) specialisation, differentiation
(hypernym) adaptation, adjustment
(derivation) speciate, differentiate, specialize, specialise
(classification) biology, biological science

(n.)
The setting apart of a particular organ for the performance of a particular function.
  

(n.)
The act of specializing, or the state of being spezialized.
  

In the economic sense, the social phenomenon of individual human beings or organizations each concentrating their productive efforts on a rather limited range of tasks. Specialization entails focussing on a narrow area of knowledge or skill or activity. It involves a person's or an organization's adapting for the unusually effective or efficient performance of some particular function, often at the expense of the individual's or organization's ability to perform most other functions for themselves, which are then necessarily left to others with more appropriate skills or talents or abilities. [For a related concept, see division of labor ] Like the division of labor, specialization generally comes about because it is discovered (usually by trial and error) that the individuals or groups concerned can increase their productivity (and hence, under a market economy, their incomes) through greater specialization according to the principle of comparative advantage.
[See also: comparative advantage , division of labor , human capital , productivity ]