sovereignty

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Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the exclusive right to complete political (e.g. legislative, judicial, and/or executive) control over an area of governance, people, or oneself. A sovereign is the supreme lawmaking authority, subject to no other. Some people may argue that this authority is the head of state.  Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in Book III, Chapter III of his 1763 treatise Of the Social Contract, argued that "the growth of the State giving the trustees of public authority more temptations and means to abuse their power, the more the Government has to have force to contain the people, the more force the Sovereign should have in turn in order to contain the Government," with the understanding that the Sovereign is "a collective being" (Book II, Chapter I) resulting from "the general will" of the people, and that "what any man, whoever he may be, orders on his own, is not a law" (Book II, Chapter VI) - and furthermore predicated on the assumption that the people have an unbiased means by which to ascertain the general will. Thus the legal maxim, "there is no law without a sovereign."
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Souveraineté
La souveraineté (du latin médiéval superanus qui dérive du latin classique superus "supérieur" ; et du concept grec Basileus) est le droit exclusif d'exercer l'autorité politique (législative, judiciaire et/ou exécutive) sur une zone géographique ou un groupe de peuples.
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Souveränität
Der Begriff Souveränität (v. frz.: souveraineté, aus lat.: superanus = darüber befindlich, überlegen), bezeichnet in der Rechtswissenschaft die Fähigkeit einer natürlichen oder juristischen Person zu ausschließlicher rechtlicher Selbstbestimmung. Diese Selbstbestimmungsfähigkeit wird durch Eigenständigkeit und Unabhängigkeit des Rechtssubjektes gekennzeichnet und grenzt sich so vom Zustand der Fremdbestimmung ab. Geprägt wurde der Begriff im 16. Jahrhundert durch die Absolutismuslehre des französischen Staatsphilosophen Jean Bodin.
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Suwerennosc
Suwerenność – zdolność do samodzielnego, niezależnego od innych podmiotów, sprawowania władzy politycznej nad określonym terytorium, grupą osób lub samym sobą. Suwerenność państwa obejmuje niezależność w sprawach wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych. Słowa suwerenność użył po raz pierwszy Jean Bodin w 1576 roku, a po nim Cardin Le Bret w 1632. Obaj pojmowali ja jako wyłączność monarchy do sprawowania władzy ustawodawczej i wykonawczej na terenie swego państwa.
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Sovranità
La sovranità è la supremazia del potere dello Stato nei confronti di tutti gli altri poteri esistenti nell'ordinamento. La denominazione di Sovranità e la nascita dello stato moderno non hanno avuto origine nello stesso periodo: lo sviluppo del concetto di sovranità ha seguito il percorso dello Stato come ordinamento, affrancandosi progressivamente prima dal controllo dell'Impero e della Chiesa, e quindi da quello di alcune autorità feudali e comunali.
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