Social movements are a type of
group action. They are large groupings of
individuals and/or
organizations focused on specific
political or
social issues, in other words, on carrying out, resisting or undoing a
social change. Modern Western social movements became possible through education (the wider dissemination of
literature), and increased mobility of labour due to the
industrialisation and
urbanisation of
19th century societies. It is sometimes argued that the freedom of expression, education and relative economic independence prevalent in the modern
Western culture is responsible for the unprecedented number and scope of various contemporary social movements. However others point out that many of the major social movements of the last hundred years grew up, like the
Mau Mau in Kenya, to oppose Western colonialism.
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