salt dome

A salt dome is formed when a thick bed of evaporite minerals (mainly salt, or halite) found at depth intrudes vertically into surrounding rock strata, forming a diapir.The salt that forms these domes was deposited within restricted marine basins. Due to restricted flow of water into a basin, evaporation occurs resulting in the precipitation of salts from solution, depositing evaporites. It is recognised that a single evaporation event is rarely enough to produce the vast quantities of salt found in evaporite deposits indicating that a sustained period of episodic flooding and evaportation of the basin must occur, as can be seen from the example of the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis. At the present day, evaporite deposits can be seen accumulating in basins that merely have restricted access but do not completely dry out; they provide an analogue to some deposits recognised in the Geological record, such as the Garabogazköl basin in Turkmenistan.
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