Radiation protection, sometimes known as radiological protection, is the science of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of
ionizing radiation, which includes both
particle radiation and high energy
electromagnetic radiation. It includes occupational radiation protection, which is the protection of workers; medical radiation protection, which is the protection of patients; and public radiation protection, which is about protection of individual members of the public, and of the population as a whole. There are mainly three principles to radiation protection: those of time, distance and shielding. Radiation exposure can be managed by one or more of these:Reducing the time of an exposure reduces the
effective dose proportionally.An example of reducing radiation doses by reducing the time of exposures might be improving operator training to reduce the time they take to handle a source.Increasing distance reduces dose due to the
inverse square law.Distance can be as simple as handling a source with
forceps rather than fingers.Adding shielding can also reduce radiation doses.In
x-ray facilities, the
plaster on the rooms with the x-ray generator contains
barium sulfate and the operators stay behind a
leaded glass screen and wear
lead aprons.Almost any material can shield from
gamma or x-rays in sufficient amounts (see below).
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