A quilombo (from the
Kimbundu word kilombo) is a
Brazilian hinterland settlement founded by
Quilombolas, or
Maroons and, sometimes, a minority of marginalised
Portuguese,
Brazilian aboriginals,
Jews and
Arabs, and/or other non-black, non-slave Brazilians that faced oppression during colonization. Some of these settlements were near Portuguese settlements and active both in defending against capitães do mato commissioned to recapture slaves and in facilitating the escape of even more slaves. For this reason, they were targets of the
Dutch, then Portuguese
colonial authorities and, later, of the Brazilian state and slaveowners. Some quilombos that were farther from Portuguese settlements and the later Brazilian cities were tolerated and still exist as
towns today, with inhabitants speaking distinctly
African-
Portuguese Creole languages. In the
Spanish-speaking countries of
Latin America, such a settlement is called a palenque and its inhabitants are palenqueros who speak various
Spanish-
African-based
creole languages.
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