Punishment is the authoritative imposition of something negative or unpleasant on a person or animal in response to behavior deemed wrong by an individual or group. Inflicted unpleasantness without authority is not punishment, but is characterized as something else. Punishment may be inflicted as a result of a formal process, or informally within any organized group, for example, a family. Punishment does not automatically cause deterrence, prevention, or reform, and hence, is not a guarentee these outcomes will occur. Furthermore, punishment can be part of a process of disciplining. Punishment also has justifications. For example, in the western societies there are four fundamental justificatins: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation.