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puffball
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Puffball
A puffball is a member of any of several groups of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The puffballs were previously treated as a taxonomic group called the Gasteromycetes or Gasteromycetidae, but they are now known to be a polyphyletic assemblage. The distinguishing feature of all puffballs is that they do not have an open cap with spore-bearing gills. Instead, spores are produced internally, in a spheroidal fruiting body called a gasterothecium (gasteroid ('stomach-like') basidiocarp). As the spores mature, they form a mass called a gleba in the centre of the fruiting body that is often of a distinctive color and texture. The basidiocarp remains closed until after the spores have been released from the basidia. Eventually, it develops an aperture, or dries, becomes brittle, and splits, and the spores escape. The spores of puffballs are statismospores rather than ballistospores, meaning they are not actively shot off the basidium. The fungi are called 'puffballs' because clouds of brown dust-like spores are emitted when the mature fruiting body bursts, or in response to impacts such as those of falling raindrops. Puffballs and similar forms are thought to have evolved repeatedly (that is, in numerous independent events) from hymenomycetes by gasteromycetation, through secotioid stages. Thus, 'Gasteromycetes' and 'Gasteromycetidae' are now considered to be descriptive, morphological terms (more properly gasteroid or gasteromycetes, to avoid taxonomic implications) but not valid cladistic terms.
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Bauchpilz
Die Bauchpilze (Gastromycetes oder Gasteromycetes) stellen ein inzwischen obsoletes Formtaxon im Reich der Pilze dar, da der polyphyletische Ursprung der zugeordneten Gruppen inzwischen erwiesen ist. Die zugehörigen Taxa werden systematisch den Basidienpilzen (Basidiomycota) zugeordnet. Die Bauchpilze zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass die Basidiosporen im Inneren des Fruchtkörpers gebildet werden. Der sporentragende Teil, eigentlich ein gasteroides Basidiokarp, wird bei den Bauchpilzen Gasterothecium genannt.
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Vesse-de-loup
Les vesses-de-loup sont des champignons très répandus dans les prés et les bois, facilement reconnaissables à leur absence de pied (ou du moins d'un pied et d'un chapeau séparés), à leur couleur blanche ou grisâtre, et au fait que lorsqu'ils sont vieux ils se transforment en sacs remplis d'une poussière brune, véritables petits volcans quand on appuie dessus.
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Röksvampar
Släktet röksvampar är en grupp ätliga svampar med vanligen päronformad fruktkropp som inkluderar de två släktena Lycoperdon och Calvatia, som båda tillhör familjen Lycoperdaceae. Röksvamparna tillhör gruppen basidiesvampar. Gemensamt för alla röksvampar är att basidier och sporer anläggs inuti fruktkroppens håligheter.
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Purchawka
Purchawka (Lycoperdon) - rodzaj grzyba z rodziny purchawkowatych. Owocniki kuliste lub gruszkowate z zarodnikami wewnątrz. Zarodniki wydostają się na zewnątrz przez otworek w górnej częci owocnika. W Europie występuje 14 gatunków. Nazwa pochodzi od dźwięku wydawanego po nadepnięciu dojrzałego grzyba. Jest grzybem jadalnym, ale tylko jak jest młody.
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