A protein kinase is a
kinase enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding
phosphate groups to them (
phosphorylation). This class of protein is further separated into subsets such as
PKC alpha, PKC beta, and PKC gamma, each with specific functions. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (
substrate) by changing enzyme
activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. Up to 30% of all proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially those involved in
signal transduction, the transmission of signals within the cell. The human genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes; they constitute about 2% of all
eukaryotic genes.
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