prefix

A prefix is the initial portion of some object or term (typically in text or speech) with a distinct and he base semantics for a word.Numerical prefix, used for magnitudes of SI units, like 'kilo' and 'milli' in 'kilometre' and 'milligram'. See also SI prefix.Polish notation, a method of mathematical expression, also known as prefix notationTelephone prefix, the first set of digits in a telephone number not a country code or area codeITU prefix, a call sign for radio and television stationsPrefix (computer science), of a stringPrefix code 
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adj. prefixed, attached to the beginning of a word, predetermined

(v. t.)
To set or appoint beforehand; to settle or establish antecedently.
  

(v. t.)
To put or fix before, or at the beginning of, another thing; as, to prefix a syllable to a word, or a condition to an agreement.
  

(n.)
That which is prefixed; esp., one or more letters or syllables combined or united with the beginning of a word to modify its signification; as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure.
  

1. <unit> The standard metric prefixes used in the Systme International (SI) conventions for scientific measurement.
Here are the SI magnifying prefixes, along with the corresponding binary interpretations in common use:
prefix abr decimal binary
yocto- 1000^-8 zepto- 1000^-7 atto- 1000^-6 femto- f 1000^-5 pico- p 1000^-4 nano- n 1000^-3 micro- * 1000^-2 * Abbreviation: Greek mu milli- m 1000^-1
kilo- k 1000^1 1024^1 = 2^10 = 1,024 mega- M 1000^2 1024^2 = 2^20 = 1,048,576 giga- G 1000^3 1024^3 = 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 tera- T 1000^4 1024^4 = 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776 peta- 1000^5 1024^5 = 2^50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624 exa- 1000^6 1024^6 = 2^60 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 zetta- 1000^7 1024^7 = 2^70 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 yotta- 1000^8 1024^8 = 2^80 = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176
"Femto" and "atto" derive not from Greek but from Danish.
The abbreviated forms of these prefixes are common in electronics and physics.
When used with bytes of storage, these prefixes usually denote multiplication by powers of 1024 = 2^10 (K, M, and G are common in computing). Thus "MB" stands for megabytes (2^20 bytes). This common practice goes against the edicts of the BIPM who deprecate the use of these prefixes for powers of two. The formal SI prefix for 1000 is lower case "k"; some, including this dictionary, use this strictly, reserving upper case "K" for multiplication by 1024 (KB is thus "kilobytes").
Also, in data transfer rates the prefixes stand for powers of ten so, for example, 28.8 kb/s means 28,800 bits per second.
In speech, the unit is often dropped so one may talk of "a 40K salary" (40000 dollars) or "2M of disk space" (2*2^20 bytes).
The accepted pronunciation of the initial G of "giga-" is hard, /gi'ga/.
Confusing 1000 and 1024 (or other powers of 2 and 10 close in magnitude) - for example, describing a memory in units of 500K or 524K instead of 512K - is a sure sign of the marketroid. For example, 3.5" microfloppies are often described as storing "1.44 MB". In fact, this is completely specious. The correct size is 1440 KB = 1440 * 1024 = 1474560 bytes. Alas, this point is probably lost on the world forever.
In 1993, hacker Morgan Burke proposed, to general approval on Usenet, the following additional prefixes: groucho (10^-30), harpo (10^-27), harpi (10^27), grouchi (10^30). This would leave the prefixes zeppo-, gummo-, and chico- available for future expansion. Sadly, there is little immediate prospect that Mr. Burke's eminently sensible proposal will be ratified.
2. Related to the prefix notation.
(2003-05-06)