Potato
The potato is the term which applies either to the
starchy tuberous crop from the
perennial plant Solanum tuberosum of the
Solanaceae, or
nightshade, family, or to the plant itself. They are the world's most widely grown tuber crop, and the fourth largest food crop in terms of fresh produce — after
rice,
wheat, and
maize ('corn'). Potatoes originated in the area of modern day
Peru and then spread from
South America to
Spain and from there to the rest of the world after European colonization in the late 1400s and early
1500s. In the Southern Bolivian town of San Andreas, as many as 300 varieties may be showcased at the town's annual potato festival. They soon became an important food staple and field crop. For instance, the potato was a
staple food for sailors in Spanish ships. After the wreck of the
Spanish Armada in 1588, Irish coastal villagers rescued potatoes and planted them. In 1845, a fungal disease,
Phytophthora infestans, also known as late blight, spread rapidly through the poorer communities of western Ireland, resulting in the
Great Irish Famine. Unfortunately the local population had come to rely heavily on the potato and when crops failed, year after year, huge numbers of people died.
Others emigrated, largely to the United States, blaming the British government for the situation. The potato is also strongly associated with
Idaho,
Maine,
North Dakota,
Prince Edward Island,
Ireland,
Jersey and
Russia because of its large role in the agricultural economy and history of these regions.
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Pomme de terre
Potato
Kartoffel
Die Kartoffel (Solanum tuberosum), in Teilen Deutschands sowie in
Österreich auch als Erdapfel, und im restlichen deutschsprachigen Raum unter diversen Regionalnamen bekannt, ist eine
Nutzpflanze aus der
Familie der
Nachtschattengewächse (Solanaceae), zu der auch
Tomate,
Paprika und
Tabak gehören. Eine nähere Verwandtschaft zur
Süßkartoffel (Ipomoea batatas) besteht nicht. Im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch wird „Kartoffel“ für die unterirdischen
Knollen verwendet. Über diese Knollen kann sich die Pflanze
vegetativ vermehren. Die
Samen werden in tomatenähnlichen
Beeren gebildet, welche - wie alle grünen Teile der Pflanze - für Menschen ungenießbar bis leicht giftig sind.
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Solanum tuberosum
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