Groundwater is
water located beneath the
ground surface in
soil pore spaces and in the
fractures of lithologic formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an
aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become fully saturated with water is called the
water table. Groundwater is recharged from, and eventually flows to, the surface naturally; natural discharge often occurs at
springs and
seeps, streams and can form
oases or
wetlands. Groundwater is also often withdrawn for
agricultural,
municipal and
industrial use by constructing and operating extraction
wells. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is
hydrogeology, also called groundwater
hydrology.
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