plumage
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Plumage
Plumage refers both to the layer of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage vary between species and subspecies and can also vary between different age classes, sexes, and season. Within species there can also be a number of different colour morphs. Differences in plumage are used by ornithologists and birdwatchers in order to distinguish between species and collect other species specific information.

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Plume
Une plume est, chez les oiseaux, un appendice tégumentaire complexe constitué de ß-kératine qui recouvre la quasi-totalité du corps. La plume est un élément caractéristique de la classe des oiseaux. Comme les poils, les écailles, les ongles, les griffes, les sabots, les plumes sont des phanères.

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Penna
Il significato principale di penna è quello legato al piumaggio degli uccelli.

Di seguito sono fornite altre accezioni del termine.


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Veer (vogel)
De veer is de taaie huidbedekking van vogels. Ze zijn gemaakt van keratine. Veren isoleren net als haar lichaamswarmte. Vogels stammen af van dinosauriërs die ook al veren hadden. Meestal wordt daarom aangenomen dat isolatie de hoofdfunctie was bij de evolutie van het verenkleed en dat vliegen een latere bijkomende functie was.

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羽根
羽根(はね)(フェザーともいう)とは、鳥類が体の表面に生やしている羽の1本1本のことで、硬質の軸から羽枝が生え揃った構造をもつ。同じく鳥類の毛であるが柔らかな綿毛である羽毛(ダウン)とは区別される。羽根という言葉自体は、羽毛と互いに混用されることもあるし、鳥類や昆虫類などが飛行するときに使うという意味でも使われる。

派生して、蒸気タービン水車などの機械類で用いられる翼状の部分も羽根と呼ばれる。

ここでは鳥の体表に生える羽根について述べる。


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