Phylum
For other uses, see
phyla. In
biological taxonomy, a phylum (
Greek plural: phyla) is a
taxon in the rank below
kingdom and above
class. "Phylum" is adopted from the Greek phylai, the clan-based voting groups in Greek city-states. Phyla represent the largest generally accepted groupings of
animals and other living things with certain
evolutionary traits, although the phyla themselves may sometimes be grouped into superphyla (e.g.
Ecdysozoa with eight phyla, including
arthropods and
roundworms; and
Deuterostomia with the
echinoderms,
chordates,
hemichordates and
arrow worms). Informally, phyla can be thought of as grouping animals based on general body plan; this is
morphological grouping. Thus despite the seemingly different external appearances of organisms, they are classified into phyla based on their internal organizations. For example, though seemingly divergent,
spiders and
crabs both belong to
Arthropoda, whereas
earthworms and
tapeworms, similar in shape, are from
Annelida and
Platyhelminthes, respectively. Although the
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature allows the use of the term "Phylum" in reference to
plants, the term "
Division" is almost always used by botanists.
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Embranchement (biologie)
Stamm (Systematik)
In der
biologischen Systematik ist der Stamm (phylum) eine hierarchische
Rangstufe. Er wird manchmal weiter aufgeteilt in Unterstämme (Subphyla Einzahl:Subphylum). Mehrere Stämme werden in manchen Fällen zu einem Überstamm (Superphylum) (einer Stammgruppe) zusammengefasst. Der Stamm steht als Rang zwischen
Reich und
Klasse.In einigen Systematiken wird das Tierreich zunächst in
Abteilungen eingeteilt, die dann in Stämme unterteilt werden. So werden teilweise die
Bilateria als Abteilung bezeichnet.In der Botanik und
Mykologie wird neben dem Stamm (phylum) auch das Synonym
Abteilung (divisio) zugelassen.
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Typ (biologia)
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Phylum
Il phylum (plurale phyla) è il gruppo tassonomico gerarchicamente inferiore al
regno e superiore alla
classe. Il termine tipo è più usato in
zoologia, divisione in
botanica e nelle scienze di altri regni (
protisti,
monere e così via). Questa strana differenziazione si perpetua ancor oggi: invece di scegliere una volta per tutte un termine tra "tipo" e "divisione" si fa ricorso al greco-latinismo phylum (dal
greco φυλόν, "nazione", "tribù", "gente") che "dovrebbe" andar bene per tutti i regni. Comunque, in
spagnolo e
portoghese si usa correntemente l'adattamento filo.
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