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pharmacology
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Pharmacology
Pharmacology (from Greek , pharmakon, "poison" in classic Greek; "drug" in modern Greek; and , "study of", "knowledge of") is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the cell) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The former studies the effects of the drugs on biological systems, and the latter the effects of biological systems on the drugs. In broad terms, pharmacodynamics discusses the interactions of chemicals with biological receptors, and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals from the biological systems. Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy and the two terms are frequently confused. Pharmacology, a biomedical science, deals with how drugs interact within biological systems to affect function. It is the study of drugs, of the reactions of the body and drug on each other, the sources of drugs, their nature, and their properties. In contrast, pharmacy, a health services profession, is concerned with application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings; whether it be in a dispensing or clinical care role. In either field, the primary contrast between the two are their distinctions between direct-patient care, for pharmacy practice, and the science-oriented research field, driven by pharmacology.
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Pharmakologie
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Pharmacologie
La pharmacologie est la spécialité médicale qui étudie les mécanismes d'interactions entre un principe actif et l'organisme dans lequel il évolue, de façon à pouvoir ensuite utiliser ces résultats à des fins thérapeutiques, comme par exemple l'élaboration d'un médicament (principalement) ou son amélioration (entre autres). Ainsi, la pharmacologie intègre des concepts et données issus de la physiologie, physio-pathologie, biochimie, génétique et biologie moléculaire.
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Farmakologi
Farmakologi är studiet av hur substanser interagerar med levande organismer för att åstadkomma en funktionsändring . En substans med medicinala egenskaper kallas för ett läkemedel. Det farmakologiska området spänner över läkemedlets kemi, egenskaper, omsättning i kroppen, interaktioner med andra läkemedel, dess giftighet och användning inom vården. En person som professionellt är verksam inom området som forskare eller läkare kallas för farmakolog. Farmakologin har flera olika underområden, som består av klinisk farmakologi som utvärderar effekten av ett läkemedel på människan, neuro- respektive psykofarmakologi som studerar effekten av läkemedel på nervsystemet, toxikologi och teoretisk farmakologi.
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Farmakologia
Farmakologia – (gr. phármakon - lekarstwo, lógos - słowo, nauka) nauka o działaniu leków, czyli mechanizmach ich działania na organizm oraz skutkach tego działania. Jako nauka zajmującą się najważniejszym aspektem leków, bywa czasami mylona z samą farmacją – czyli dziedziną wiedzy nadrzędną w stosunku do wszystkich zagadnień dotyczących leków.
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