peer review

Peer review (known as refereeing in some academic fields) is a process of subjecting an author's scholarly work, research or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field. It is used primarily by editors to select and to screen submitted manuscripts, and by funding agencies, to decide the awarding of grants. The peer review process aims to make authors meet the standards of their discipline, and of science in general. Publications and awards that have not undergone peer review are likely to be regarded with suspicion by scholars and professionals in many fields. Even refereed journals, however, can contain errors.
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Peer review, n 1. a retrospective consideration or an examination by one or more individuals of equal standing or rank. n 2. [more]Peer review - Community and Resources

Verb
1. evaluate professionally a colleague's work
(synonym) referee
(hypernym) review, critique