parallel voting

Parallel voting describes a mixed voting system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other. Specifically, it usually refers to the semi-proportional system used in Japan, South Korea and elsewhere, sometimes known as the Supplementary Member system (see below). Some political scientists call it Mixed Member Majoritarian (MMM). Parallel voting or MMM is distinct from mixed member proportional voting where there is one election, and the party vote determines what share of seats each party will receive in the legislature. Parallel voting was commonly referred to as the Russian System until Russia ceased to use it.
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