Palaeography
Palaeography (
British) or paleography (
American) (from the
Greek palaiós, "old" and graphein, "to write") is the study of ancient handwriting, independent of the language (
Koine Greek,
Classical Latin,
Medieval Latin,
Old English, etc.).Palaeography is in many ways a prerequisite for
philology, and it tackles two main difficulties: first, since the style of a single alphabet has evolved constantly (
Carolingian minuscule,
Gothic, etc.), it is necessary to know how to decipher the individual characters. Second, scribes often used many
abbreviations, usually so that they could write the text more quickly, and sometimes to save space, so the palaeographer must know how to interpret them. Knowledge about individual letter-forms, ligatures, punctuation, and abbreviations, enables the palaeographer to read the text as the scribe intended it to be read.
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Paléographie
Paläografie
Paleografia
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Paleografia