operational risk

According to §644 of International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards, known as Basel II, operational risk is defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events. Although the risks apply to any organisation in business it is of particular relevance to the banking regime where regulators are responsible for establishing safeguards to protect against systemic failure of the banking system and the economy. The Basel II definition includes legal risk, but excludes strategic risk: i.e. the risk of a loss arising from a poor strategic business decision. This definition also excludes reputational risk (damage to an organisation through loss of its reputation or standing) although it is understood that a significant but non-catastrophic operational loss could still affect its reputation possibly leading to a further collapse of its business and organisational failure.
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The risk of human error or a breakdown of some component of the hardware, software or communications systems which is crucial to settlement.