Olfaction (also known as olfactics) refers to the
sense of smell. This sense is mediated by specialized sensory cells of the nasal cavity of vertbrates, and, by analogy, sensory cells of the antennae of invertebrates. For air-breathing animals, the olfactory system detects volatile or, in the case of the
accessory olfactory system, fluid-phase chemicals. For water-dwelling organisms, e.g., fishes or crustaceans, the chemicals are present in the surrounding aqueous medium. Olfaction, along with
taste, is a form of
chemoreception. The chemicals themselves which activate the olfactory system, generally at very low concentrations, are called
odors.
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