Process Nuclear Transfer is a form of
cloning. The steps involve removing the
DNA from an
oocyte and while(unfertilized egg), and injecting the
nucleus which contains the DNA to be cloned. In rare instances, the newly constructed cell will divide normally, replicating the new DNA while remaining in a
pluripotent state. If the cloned cells are placed in the uterus of a female mammal, a cloned organism develops to term in rare instances. This is how
Dolly the Sheep and many
other species were cloned. Alternatively, if cells are extracted from the cloned cells during very early embryonic stages (
blastocyst or
morula),
embryonic stem cells can be created. These cells can be grown in laboratories indefinitely and can theoretically be made into any of the 200+ cell types in the mammalian body, and thus are an extraordinary tool for biologists as well as a therapeutic agent with the potenial to treat currently untreatable medical conditions.
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moving an part or all of an organism's genetic information into an unfertilized egg (whose nucleus had previously been removed); can be used for cloning or to produce transgenic animals (if the genes put into the egg have been recombined with genes from others species).