Neurotoxicity occurs when the exposure to natural or manmade toxic substances, which are called
neurotoxins, alters the normal activity of the
nervous system. This can eventually disrupt or even kill
neurons, key cells that transmit and process signals in the brain and other parts of the nervous system. Neurotoxicity can result from exposure to substances used in
chemotherapy,
radiation treatment,
drug therapies and
organ transplants, as well as exposure to
heavy metals such as
lead and
mercury, certain
foods and
food additives,
pesticides, industrial and/or cleaning
solvents,
cosmetics, and some naturally occurring substances. Symptoms may appear immediately after exposure or be delayed. They may include limb weakness or numbness, loss of memory, vision, and/or intellect, headache, cognitive and behavioral problems and sexual dysfunction. Individuals with certain disorders may be especially vulnerable to neurotoxins.
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The tendency of some treatments to cause damage to the nervous system.