metaphysics

For Aristotle's work, see Metaphysics (Aristotle) . Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science, traditionally including cosmology and ontology. It is also concerned with explaining the ultimate nature of being and the world. Its name derives from the Greek words μετά (metá) (meaning "after") and φυσικά (physiká) (meaning "physics"), "physics" referring to those works on matter by Aristotle in antiquity. As a result of Aristotle's usage, "meta" has come to mean "beyond; over; transcending" in English. Therefore, metaphysics is also the study of that which transcends physics. Many philosophers such as Immanuel Kant would later argue that certain questions concerning metaphysics (notably those surrounding the existence of God, soul, and freedom) are inherent to human reason and have always intrigued mankind. Some examples are:What is the nature of reality?Why does the world exist, and what is its origin or source of creation?Does the world exist outside the mind?If things exist, what is their objective nature?
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(n.)
The science of real as distinguished from phenomenal being; ontology; also, the science of being, with reference to its abstract and universal conditions, as distinguished from the science of determined or concrete being; the science of the conceptions and relations which are necessarily implied as true of every kind of being; phylosophy in general; first principles, or the science of first principles.
  

(n.)
Hence: The scientific knowledge of mental phenomena; mental philosophy; psychology.
  

the branch of philosophy that deals with first principles; being, where do we come from and; knowing, how do we know anything about the world 'what is the meaning of life'. Speculating beyond known and tested concepts (opposite to positivism) (see epistimology and ontology).