mathematical logic

n. modern system of logic that uses abstract symbols to represent quantities and relationships

Mathematical logic is a branch of mathematics, which grew out of symbolic logic. Subfields include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory. Research in mathematical logic has contributed to, and been motivated by, the study of foundations of mathematics, but mathematical logic also contains areas of pure mathematics not directly related to foundational questions.
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Noun
1. any logical system that abstracts the form of statements away from their content in order to establish abstract criteria of consistency and validity
(synonym) symbolic logic, formal logic
(hypernym) logic, logical system, system of logic
(hyponym) Boolean logic, Boolean algebra