Madhhab or Mazhab (
Arabic مذهب mæðhæb pl. مذاهبmæðæːhıb) is an Arabic term that refers to an
Islamic school of thought, or
fiqh (religious jurisprudence). In the first 150 years of Islam, there were many such "schools" - in fact, several of the
Sahābah, or contemporary "companions" of
Muhammad, are credited with founding their own. The prominent Islamic jurisprudence schools of
Damascus in Syria (often named Awza'iyya),
Kufa and
Basra in Iraq, and
Medina in Arabia survived as the
Maliki madhhab, while the other
Iraqi schools were consolidated into the
Hanafi madhhab. The
Shafi'i,
Hanbali,
Zahiri and
Jariri schools were established later.
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