loanword
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Loanword
A loanword (or loan word) is a word borrowed from a donor language and incorporated into a recipient language. By contrast, a calque or loan translation is a related concept where the meaning or idiom is borrowed rather than the lexical item itself. The word loanword is itself a calque of the German Lehnwort, while calque is a loanword from French. The terms borrow and loanword, although traditional, conflict with the ordinary meaning of those words because nothing is returned to the donor languages. However, note that this metaphor is not isolated to the concept of loanwords, but also found in the idiom "to borrow an idea." An additional issue with the term loanword is that it implies that the loaning is limited to one single word as opposed to phrases such as déjà vu, an English loanword from French. While this phrase may be used as one lexical item by English speakers, that is to say, an English speaker would not say only déjà to convey the meaning associated with the full term déjà vu, in the donor language (French), speakers would be aware of the phrase consisting of two words. For simplicity, adopt/adoption or adapt/adaption are used by many linguists, either in parallel to, or in preference to, these words. Some researchers also use the term lexical borrowing.

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Lehnwort
Ein Lehnwort ist das Ergebnis einer sprachlichen Entlehnung, bei der ein Wort aus einer Sprache (Gebersprache, Quellsprache) in eine andere Sprache (Nehmersprache, Zielsprache) übernommen wird.

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Emprunt lexical
En linguistique, et plus particulièrement en étymologielexicologie et linguistique comparée, on nomme emprunt lexical (ou, plus souvent, emprunt) le processus consistant, pour une langue, à introduire dans son lexique un terme venu d’une autre langue. L’emprunt peut être direct (une langue emprunte directement à une autre langue) ou bien indirect (une langue emprunte à une autre langue via une – ou plusieurs – langue vecteur). L’emprunt fait partie des moyens dont disposent les locuteurs pour accroître leur lexique, au même titre que le néologisme, la catachrèse et la dérivation. On se reportera à l’article Lexicalisation pour d’autres détails.

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Lånord
Ett lånord (lexikalt lån) är ett ord som ett språk har lånat från ett annat språk. Det kan vara gamla lån, som vin och kyrka, nyare, som toalett och strejk eller moderna, som airbag och new age.

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Zapozyczenia jezykowe
Definicja
Zapożyczenia językowe inaczej pożyczki, wyrazy obce to zjawisko przechodzenia pewnych cech jednego języka do innego. Pojęcia tego używa się w odróżnieniu od słownictwa rodzimego. To wszystkie obce w strukturze danego języka wyrazyzwroty, typy derywatówformy fleksyjnekonstrukcje składniowezwiązki frazeologiczne. Artykuł traktuje o zapożyczeniach w języku polskim.


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