leap year

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Leap year
A leap year (or intercalary year) is a year containing one or more extra days (or, in case of lunisolar calendars, an extra month) in order to keep the calendar year synchronised with the astronomical or seasonal year. For example, February would have 29 days in a leap year instead of the usual 28. Seasons and astronomical events do not repeat at an exact number of full days, so a calendar which had the same number of days in each year would over time drift with respect to the event it was supposed to track. By occasionally inserting (or intercalating) an additional day or month into the year, the drift can be corrected. A year which is not a leap year is called a common year. In fact, the Earth takes slightly under 365 1/4 days to revolve around the Sun.
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Année bissextile
Une année bissextile est une année comptant 366 jours au lieu de 365, c'est-à-dire une année comprenant un 29 février (le prochain aura lieu en ). Le terme vient du latin bis-sextilis, qui signifie « deux fois (bis) sixième (sextus) ». L'objectif est d'aligner au mieux les indications du calendrier avec la durée de révolution de la Terre autour du Soleil : l'année tropique, qui ramène les saisons, dure 365,2422 jours; or, à la base, une année du calendrier grégorien par exemple, dure 365 jours. Il faut donc rattraper périodiquement le retard pris par le calendrier sur l'année réelle.
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Schaltjahr
Schaltjahr, Schaltmonat und Schalttag sind Zeiträume, die in der Kalenderrechnung in den Ablauf des normalen Kalenders eingeschaltet werden, um den auf ganzzahliger Basis aufgebauten Kalender mit den unrunden exakten Werten der zugrundeliegenden astronomischen Größen in Einklang zu bringen. Diesen Vorgang nennt man die Interkalation des Kalendersystems oder Einschaltung.
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Rok przestepny
Rok przestępny to taki, w którym rok kalendarzowy ma 366 zamiast 365 dni. Występuje wyłącznie w kalendarzach o rachubie opartej na obiegu Ziemi dookoła Słońca lub o rachubie kombinowanej (Księżyc i Słońce). Ma on na celu umożliwiać zgranie roku kalendarzowego z rokiem zwrotnikowym.W kalendarzu gregoriańskim (obowiązującym m.in. w Polsce), dodatkowy dzień występuje w lutym, który ma wtedy 29 zamiast 28 dni.
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Anno bisestile
L'anno bisestile è un accorgimento utilizzato nel calendario giuliano e nel calendario gregoriano per mantenere in sincronia l'anno civile con il ciclo delle stagioni. La sua invenzione è attribuita a Sosigene di Alessandria, che elaborò il calendario giuliano su incarico di Gaio Giulio Cesare nel 46 a.C..
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