A laser is a mechanical device that produces
coherent radiation. The term "laser" is an
acronym: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. A typical laser emits light in a narrow, low-
divergence beam and with a well-defined
wavelength (corresponding to a particular
color if the laser is operating in the
visible spectrum). This is in contrast to a light source such as the
incandescent light bulb, which emits into a large
solid angle and over a wide
spectrum of wavelength. A laser consists of a
gain medium inside an
optical cavity, with a means to supply energy to the gain medium. The gain medium is a material (gas, liquid, solid or free electrons) with appropriate optical properties. In its simplest form, a cavity consists of two mirrors arranged such that light bounces back and forth, each time passing through the gain medium. Typically, one of the two mirrors, the
output coupler, is partially transparent. The output laser beam is emitted through this mirror.
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