A duchy is a territory,
fief, or domain ruled by a
duke or
duchess. Historically, some duchies in Continental
Europe were
sovereign, while others (especially in
France and
Britain) were subordinate districts of a
kingdom. Traditionally, a
grand duchy, such as
Luxembourg, was generally independent and sovereign. Sovereign duchies were common in the
Holy Roman Empire and
German-speaking areas. In
France, a number of duchies existed in the medieval period. Queen
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom still holds the medieval French title of
Duke of Normandy; the only lands still attached to the Duchy of Normandy are the
Channel Islands although there no longer is a King of France. Important French duchies included
Normandy,
Burgundy,
Brittany and
Aquitaine.
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