knowledge

Knowledge is defined (Oxford English Dictionary) variously as (i) expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, (ii) what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information or (iii) awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. Philosophical debates in general start with Plato's formulation of knowledge as "justified true belief". There is however no single agreed definition of knowledge presently, nor any prospect of one, and there remain numerous competing theories.
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(v. t.)
To acknowledge.
  

(v. i.)
The act or state of knowing; clear perception of fact, truth, or duty; certain apprehension; familiar cognizance; cognition.
  

(v. i.)
That which is or may be known; the object of an act of knowing; a cognition; -- chiefly used in the plural.
  

(v. i.)
That which is gained and preserved by knowing; instruction; acquaintance; enlightenment; learning; scholarship; erudition.
  

(v. i.)
That familiarity which is gained by actual experience; practical skill; as, a knowledge of life.
  

(v. i.)
Sexual intercourse; -- usually preceded by carnal; as, carnal knowledge.
  

(v. i.)
Scope of information; cognizance; notice; as, it has not come to my knowledge.
  

Justified true belief (until the introduction of the Gettier problem). See epistemology.
<Discussion> <References> P. Mandik

Knowledge that enters into the production of behaviors and/or the constitution of mental states but is not ordinarily accessible to consciousness. See also cognize, knowledge, implicit memory, Background, rules. <Discussion> <References> Daniel Barbiero

<artificial intelligence, information science> The objects, concepts and relationships that are assumed to exist in some area of interest. A collection of knowledge, represented using some knowledge representation language is known as a knowledge base and a program for extending and/or querying a knowledge base is a knowledge-based system.
Knowledge differs from data or information in that new knowledge may be created from existing knowledge using logical inference. If information is data plus meaning then knowledge is information plus processing.
A common form of knowledge, e.g. in a Prolog program, is a collection of facts and rules about some subject.
For example, a knowledge base about a family might contain the facts that John is David's son and Tom is John's son and the rule that the son of someone's son is their grandson. From this knowledge it could infer the new fact that Tom is David's grandson.
See also Knowledge Level.
(1994-10-19)