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judicial review
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Judicial review
Judicial review is the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review (and possible invalidation) by the judiciary. Specific courts with judicial review power must annul the acts of the state when it finds them incompatible with a higher authority (such as the terms of a written constitution). Judicial review is an example of the separation of powers in a modern governmental system (where the judiciary is one of three branches of government). This principle is interpreted differently in different jurisdictions, which also have differing views on the different hierarchy of governmental norms. As a result, the procedure and scope of judicial review differs from country to country and state to state.
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Richterliches Prüfungsrecht
Das richterrechtliche Prüfungsrecht ist ein aus dem US-amerikanischen Recht stammendes Konzept, das in der Weimarer Reichsverfassung in Deutschland zu Verbreitung kam und die Überprüfung der Gültigkeit von Parlamentsgesetzen am Maßstab der Verfassung durch die Gerichte bezeichnet. Heute ist in Deutschland der Begriff der Normenkontrolle gebräuchlicher.
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Contrôle de constitutionnalité
Le contrôle de constitutionnalité est un contrôle opéré par un juge pour s'assurer que les normes de droit interne (loi, règlement), mais également externe (traité) respectent la Constitution, qui est placée au sommet de la hiérarchie des normes.
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Toetsingsrecht
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違憲審査制
違憲審査制において、法令に対して行う審査を法令審査(違憲審査、違憲立法審査)といい、その権限を法令審査権(違憲審査権、違憲立法審査権)という。また、司法権が行う法令審査を司法審査という。
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