init

init (short for "initialization") is the program on Unix and Unix-like systems that spawns all other processes. It runs as a daemon and typically has PID 1.The functionality diverged, in Unixes such as System III and System V, from the functionality provided by the init in Research Unix and its BSD derivatives. The usage on most Linux distributions is compatible with System V, but some distributions, such as Arch Linux and Slackware, use a BSD-style and others, such as Gentoo Linux, have their own customized version.
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On the Apple Macintosh operating system prior to Mac OS X, extensions were small pieces of code that extended the system's functionality. They were run initially at start-up time, and operated by a variety of mechanisms, including trap patching and other code modifying techniques. Initially an Apple developer hack, extensions became the standard way to provide a modular operating system. Large amounts of important system services such as the TCP/IP network stacks (MacTCP and Open Transport) and USB and Firewire support were optional components implemented as extensions. The term "system extension" later came to encompass faceless background applications as well.
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init
Trong môi trường Macintosh, đây là một chương trình tiện ích thực hiện trong khi một hệ đang khởi động hoặc khởi động lại, như SuperClock hiển thị ngày và giờ hiện hành của hệ thống trong dải lệnh đơn, hoặc Adobe Type Manager dùng công nghệ phong chữ hình bao để hiển thị các phông chữ màn hình của Adobe
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INITIALIZATION. INITIALIZE. INIT