humorism

Humorism, or humoralism, was a theory of the makeup and workings of the human body adopted by ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers. From Hippocrates onward, the humor theory was the most commonly-held view of the human body among European physicians until the advent of modern medical research in the nineteenth century.
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(n.)
The theory founded on the influence which the humors were supposed to have in the production of disease; Galenism.
  

(n.)
The manner or disposition of a humorist; humorousness.