The History of the Republic of China begins after the
Qing Dynasty in 1912, when the formation of the
Republic of China ended over 2,000 years of Imperial rule. The
Qing Dynasty, also known as the Manchu Dynasty, ruled from 1644–1912. Since the republic's founding, it has experienced many tribulations as it was dominated by
numerous warlords and fragmented by foreign powers. In 1928, the republic was nominally unified under the
Kuomintang (KMT), and was in the early stages of industrialization and modernization when it was caught in the conflicts between the Kuomintang government, the
Communist Party of China, remnant warlords, and
Japan. Most nation-building efforts were stopped during the full-scale
War of Resistance against Japan from 1937 to 1945, and later the widening gap between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party made a coalition government impossible, causing the resumption of the
Chinese Civil War.
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